C语言代码检测：cppcheck的使用

cppcheck是一个轻量的跨平台的C C++ 代码静态检查工具，使用也很简单，这里备份下它的使用方法：

官网地址：

【 http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net/ 】

下载链接如下图，可以下载windows安装包，cppcheck源码，以及eclipse插件：

cppcheck的下载和安装在windows上是非常简单的，直接【 next 】即可。

cppcheck的使用：

界面语言的设置：

可在【 编辑 – 首选项 – 语言 】里选择

保存输出文件：

可在【 文件 – 保存结果到文件 】里选择

直接检查文件或目录：

可在【 检查 – 文件/目录 】里选择

检查结束后如下图：

cppcheck的输出文件结果实例：

cppcheck有4种输出结果：

输出XML1：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<results>
  <error msg="The scope of the variable 'len' can be reduced. Warning: Be careful when fixing this message, especially when there are inner loops. Here is an example where cppcheck will write that the scope for 'i' can be reduced: void f(int x) { int i = 0; if (x) { // it's safe to move 'int i = 0;' here for (int n = 0; n &lt; 10; ++n) { // it is possible but not safe to move 'int i = 0;' here do_something(&amp;i); } } } When you see this message it is always safe to reduce the variable scope 1 level." severity="style" id="variableScope" line="255" file="utilssrc\argparse.c"/>
  <error msg="The scope of the variable 'c' can be reduced. Warning: Be careful when fixing this message, especially when there are inner loops. Here is an example where cppcheck will write that the scope for 'i' can be reduced: void f(int x) { int i = 0; if (x) { // it's safe to move 'int i = 0;' here for (int n = 0; n &lt; 10; ++n) { // it is possible but not safe to move 'int i = 0;' here do_something(&amp;i); } } } When you see this message it is always safe to reduce the variable scope 1 level." severity="style" id="variableScope" line="287" file="utilssrc\linked_list_base.c"/>
  <error msg="Variable 'r' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment" line="280" file="utilssrc\queue_base.c"/>
  <error msg="Variable 'r' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment" line="294" file="utilssrc\queue_base.c"/>
  <error msg="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment" line="48" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
  <error msg="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment" line="49" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
  <error msg="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment" line="52" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
  <error msg="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment" line="55" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
  <error msg="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment" line="57" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
  <error msg="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment" line="60" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
  <error msg="Memory leak: new_el" severity="error" id="memleak" line="162" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
</results>

 输出XML2：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<results version="2">
  <cppcheck version="1.62"/>-
  <errors>-
    <error verbose="The scope of the variable 'len' can be reduced. Warning: Be careful when fixing this message, especially when there are inner loops. Here is an example where cppcheck will write that the scope for 'i' can be reduced: void f(int x) { int i = 0; if (x) { // it's safe to move 'int i = 0;' here for (int n = 0; n &lt; 10; ++n) { // it is possible but not safe to move 'int i = 0;' here do_something(&amp;i); } } } When you see this message it is always safe to reduce the variable scope 1 level." msg="The scope of the variable 'len' can be reduced." severity="style" id="variableScope">
      <location line="255" file="utilssrc\argparse.c"/>
    </error>-
    <error verbose="The scope of the variable 'c' can be reduced. Warning: Be careful when fixing this message, especially when there are inner loops. Here is an example where cppcheck will write that the scope for 'i' can be reduced: void f(int x) { int i = 0; if (x) { // it's safe to move 'int i = 0;' here for (int n = 0; n &lt; 10; ++n) { // it is possible but not safe to move 'int i = 0;' here do_something(&amp;i); } } } When you see this message it is always safe to reduce the variable scope 1 level." msg="The scope of the variable 'c' can be reduced." severity="style" id="variableScope">
      <location line="287" file="utilssrc\linked_list_base.c"/>
    </error>-
    <error verbose="Variable 'r' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." msg="Variable 'r' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment">
      <location line="279" file="utilssrc\queue_base.c"/>
      <location line="280" file="utilssrc\queue_base.c"/>
    </error>-
    <error verbose="Variable 'r' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." msg="Variable 'r' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment">
      <location line="293" file="utilssrc\queue_base.c"/>
      <location line="294" file="utilssrc\queue_base.c"/>
    </error>-
    <error verbose="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." msg="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment">
      <location line="46" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
      <location line="48" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
    </error>-
    <error verbose="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." msg="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment">
      <location line="48" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
      <location line="49" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
    </error>-
    <error verbose="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." msg="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment">
      <location line="49" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
      <location line="52" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
    </error>-
    <error verbose="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." msg="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment">
      <location line="52" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
      <location line="55" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
    </error>-
    <error verbose="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." msg="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment">
      <location line="55" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
      <location line="57" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
    </error>-
    <error verbose="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." msg="Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." severity="performance" id="redundantAssignment">
      <location line="57" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
      <location line="60" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
    </error>-
    <error verbose="Memory leak: new_el" msg="Memory leak: new_el" severity="error" id="memleak">
      <location line="162" file="utilssrc\queue_internal.c"/>
    </error>
  </errors>
</results>

 输出TXT：

[utilssrc\argparse.c:255]: (style) The scope of the variable 'len' can be reduced.
[utilssrc\linked_list_base.c:287]: (style) The scope of the variable 'c' can be reduced.
[utilssrc\queue_base.c:279] -> [utilssrc\queue_base.c:280]: (performance) Variable 'r' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.
[utilssrc\queue_base.c:293] -> [utilssrc\queue_base.c:294]: (performance) Variable 'r' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.
[utilssrc\queue_internal.c:46] -> [utilssrc\queue_internal.c:48]: (performance) Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.
[utilssrc\queue_internal.c:48] -> [utilssrc\queue_internal.c:49]: (performance) Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.
[utilssrc\queue_internal.c:49] -> [utilssrc\queue_internal.c:52]: (performance) Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.
[utilssrc\queue_internal.c:52] -> [utilssrc\queue_internal.c:55]: (performance) Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.
[utilssrc\queue_internal.c:55] -> [utilssrc\queue_internal.c:57]: (performance) Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.
[utilssrc\queue_internal.c:57] -> [utilssrc\queue_internal.c:60]: (performance) Variable 'error' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used.
[utilssrc\queue_internal.c:162]: (error) Memory leak: new_el

 输出表格：

更多参考：

【 http://blog.csdn.net/e5max/article/details/11489137 】

【 http://blog.csdn.net/akof1314/article/details/7477014 】

【 http://www.cnblogs.com/lancidie/archive/2013/04/13/3019505.html 】

【 http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-codan/ 】

【 http://www.wuqifu.com/2013/05/07/c%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7cppcheck/ 】